Memory and aging

Many of us experience some memory loss as we age. With a little training, you can improve your ability to concentrate and keep your memory sharp.

Why memories can fade

Photo of woman with child

It’s normal to expect some memory loss with age. When you think about all the information your brain collects over a lifetime, it only seems logical that recalling certain details takes more time and effort — occasionally forgetting where you put your keys or glasses, for example, or blanking on the name of an acquaintance.

This type of "memory problem" is more often annoying than serious. A number of factors other than age can affect how your mind functions, including side effects or interactions from medications. Depression can be another cause, or even problems with the heart or lungs.

When should you be concerned?

Memory loss that begins suddenly or that significantly interferes with your ability to function in daily life may indicate a more serious problem, such as dementia. This condition has many other symptoms, so memory problems alone do not mean that you have dementia.

When memory problems aren't a part of normal aging, however, there are some telltale signs.

  • You have more trouble doing things that take planning, such as making a list and going shopping.
  • You have trouble using or understanding words.
  • You get lost in places you know well.
  • You have difficulty recalling recent events.
  • You have trouble recognizing familiar people.
  • You have difficulty performing calculations.
  • You have trouble exercising judgment, such as knowing what to do in an emergency.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia among older people. If you are concerned that your memory loss may be linked to dementia, you should talk with your doctor. There are medicines that can improve the symptoms or slow memory loss.

Other health problems that cause confusion or decreased alertness, and therefore can affect memory, include stroke and Parkinson's disease.

Preventing memory loss

The best way to build your brain power is to stay healthy and actively use your mind.

  • Limit your alcohol intake, exercise regularly, and get plenty of rest.
  • Review your use of medications, including over-the-counter medications and supplements, with your pharmacist or doctor. Some medications may cause memory problems.
  • Eat well and drink plenty of fluids, as dehydration can cause memory problems. A balanced, low-fat diet with ample sources of vitamin B12 and folate will help protect memory.
  • Be social. Getting out and about and spending time with others can ward off depression, which has a powerful effect on memory and can cause other symptoms that mimic dementia.
  • Try some small changes to help avoid the occasional memory lapse. For example, if you tend to misplace your eyeglasses, keep them on a cord around your neck, or when you have something on stove, use a timer with a loud ring.

Resources and tips

Alzheimer's Association: Maintain Your Brain
Learn ways to keep your brain healthier as you age.

AARP puzzle page
Have fun and keep your brain nimble with online puzzles, games, and more.

Aging in the Know
Get updated information on health and aging.

Family Caregiver Alliance
Find support for families caring for loved ones

Source: Adapted from copyrighted material of Healthwise, Incorporated.

Reviewed by Tracy Lippard, MD, July 2019