Peanut Allergy: Care Instructions

Overview

When a person with a peanut allergy eats peanuts, their body reacts as if the peanuts are trying to cause harm. It fights back by setting off an allergic reaction. A mild reaction may include raised, itchy patches of skin that are red or the same color as the person's skin. These are called hives. A severe reaction may cause hives all over, swelling in the throat, trouble breathing, nausea or vomiting, or fainting. This is called anaphylaxis (say "ANN-uh-fuh-LAK-suss"). An anaphylactic reaction can be life-threatening and is a medical emergency.

A good way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid the foods that cause it. Peanuts might be found in foods such as chili and vegetable oils. An allergy doctor or a dietitian may be able to help you understand which foods might be okay and what to avoid. Learn what to do if you or your child has a reaction.

How can you care for yourself at home?

During a mild reaction

• Take a nondrowsy antihistamine, such as loratadine (Claritin), as your doctor recommends. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label.

During a severe reaction

• Give yourself an epinephrine shot. Keep it with you at all times. Make sure it has not expired.
• Call for emergency help. A severe allergic reaction can be life-threatening and is a medical emergency.

To prevent future reactions

• Avoid the foods that cause problems. And try not to use utensils or cookware that may have been in contact with food that you are allergic to.
• Teach your family members, coworkers, and friends what to do if you have a severe reaction to a food that you are allergic to.
• Wear medical alert jewelry that lists your allergies. You can buy this at most drugstores.