Learning About High Blood Sugar

What is high blood sugar?

High blood sugar means that there is too much glucose (sugar) in your blood.

Normally, your body uses glucose from food for energy. But if glucose isn’t moved into your cells properly, such as when your body doesn’t make or use insulin effectively, sugar can build up in the blood.

Having blood sugar that stays high for long periods of time can lead to diabetes, a condition that increases the risk of serious health problems.

What causes high blood sugar?

Sugar (glucose) can build up in your blood if you:

• Have insulin resistance.
• Don't take enough insulin or miss a dose of your diabetes medicine.
• Take certain medicines, such as steroids.

What are the symptoms?

Having high blood sugar may not cause any symptoms at all. Or it may make you feel very thirsty or very hungry. You may also urinate more often than usual, have blurry vision, or lose weight without trying.

How is high blood sugar treated?

If you use insulin, give yourself the prescribed dose. If you miss a dose of medicine, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's almost time for your next dose. Never double up unless your doctor says to. Your doctor may also suggest testing for ketones and calling if your results are high.

How can you prevent high blood sugar?

• Get to or stay at a weight that's healthy for you. If you need to lose weight, losing just a small amount may help.
• Eat a variety of healthy food. These include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and lean protein.
• Limit the amount of added sugar, saturated fat, and sodium you eat. Ask your doctor if a dietitian can help you. A registered dietitian can help you create meal plans that fit your lifestyle.
• Get at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days of the week. Exercise helps control your blood sugar. It also helps you stay at a weight that's healthy for you. For many people, walking is a good choice. Or you may want to swim, bike, or do other activities.
• If your doctor prescribed medicines to manage your blood sugar, take them exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. You will get more details on the specific medicines your doctor prescribes.

Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and contact your doctor if you are having problems. It's also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.