Learning About Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis

What are diverticulosis and diverticulitis?

In diverticulosis and diverticulitis, pouches called diverticula form in the wall of the large intestine, or colon.

• In diverticulosis, the pouches don't cause any pain or other symptoms.
• In diverticulitis, the pouches get inflamed or infected and cause symptoms, such as belly pain, bloating and gas, and nausea.

Doctors aren't sure what causes these pouches in the colon. There is no proof that foods such as nuts, seeds, or berries cause it or make it worse. A low-fiber diet may play a role. A low-fiber diet can cause small, hard stools. This means that it takes more pressure in the colon to move stools out of the body. This puts more pressure on the walls of the colon. The pressure may cause pouches to form in weak spots along the colon.

What are the symptoms?

• In diverticulosis, most people don't have symptoms.
• In diverticulitis, symptoms may last from a few hours to several days. They include:
  • Belly pain. This is usually in the lower left side. It is sometimes worse when you move. This is the most common symptom.
  • Fever and chills.
  • Bloating and gas.
  • Diarrhea or constipation.
  • Nausea and sometimes vomiting.
  • Not feeling like eating.
• If the pouches bleed (diverticular bleeding), there may be blood in the stool.

How can you prevent diverticulitis?

You may be able to lower your chance of getting diverticulitis. You can do this by taking steps to prevent constipation.

• Eat fruits, vegetables, beans, and whole grains every day. These foods are high in fiber.
• Drink plenty of fluids. If you have kidney, heart, or liver disease and have to limit fluids, talk with your doctor before you increase the amount of fluids you drink.
• Get some exercise every day. Build up slowly to 30 to 60 minutes a day on 5 or more days of the week.
• Take a fiber supplement, such as Citrucel or Metamucil, every day if needed. Read and follow all instructions on the label.
• Schedule time each day for a bowel movement. Having a daily routine may help. Take your time and do not strain when having a bowel movement.

How are these problems treated?

The best way to treat diverticulosis is to avoid constipation. Diverticulitis often needs more treatment. You may need to change your diet. You may drink only clear fluids at first. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics or give medicines for pain or belly cramps. Sometimes treatment in the hospital or even surgery may be needed.

Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and contact your doctor if you are having problems. It's also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.