Learning About Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome

What is it?

An adult or child who has cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) has repeated attacks (called episodes) of severe vomiting and nausea. Between the vomiting episodes, the person's health is normal. CVS is not a common health problem. The cause of CVS isn't known, but it may be related to migraine headaches.

What happens when you have CVS?

CVS causes repeated attacks (episodes) severe nausea, vomiting, and drooling. You may not be able to walk or talk during an episode. You may look pale and feel dizzy. You may have a fever, a headache, and feel very tired and thirsty. Some people with CVS have belly pain and diarrhea.

Episodes of vomiting can last for a few hours or a few days. People with this condition tend to have episodes that are similar to each other. For example, one person may have CVS happen 4 times a year and always in the morning. Another person may have it happen 8 times a year and always in the evening.

Some people with CVS have triggers that set off the vomiting. People have reported an infection, such as a cold, as a trigger. Other triggers include stress, menstrual cycles, and certain foods like chocolate or cheese. Children tend to have more triggers than adults do.

How is CVS treated?

Treatment is focused on managing the nausea and vomiting. Medicines can help relieve symptoms and help stop the vomiting from getting worse.

Many people learn to avoid the things that may trigger a vomiting episode. It's also important to get enough sleep, manage stress, and treat any other health problems.

During very bad episodes of vomiting, your doctor may want you to stay in the hospital for a while. You may get fluids through a vein (intravenous, or I.V.) to prevent dehydration.

When should you call for help?

Contact your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if:

• Your vomiting is getting worse.
• You have new or worse belly pain.
• You have a fever.
• You cannot pass stools or gas.
• You have symptoms of dehydration, such as:
  • Dry eyes and a dry mouth.
  • Passing only a little urine.
  • Feeling thirstier than usual.

Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and contact your doctor if you are having problems. It's also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.