Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Care Instructions

Overview

Diabetes can damage the nerve endings and blood vessels in your feet. You're less likely to notice when your feet are injured. A small problem like a callus or blister can turn into a larger sore, called a foot ulcer. Foot ulcers form most often on the pad (ball) of the foot or the bottom of the big toe. You can also get them on the top and bottom of each toe.

Foot ulcers can get infected. If the infection is severe, then tissue in the foot can die (gangrene). Toes, part or all of the foot, and sometimes part of the leg may have to be removed (amputated).

Your doctor may have removed the dead tissue and cleaned the ulcer. Your foot may be wrapped in a bandage. It's important to keep your weight off your injured foot. A foot ulcer can't heal if you put weight on the area.

Always get early treatment for foot problems.

How can you care for yourself at home?

• Follow your doctor's instructions about keeping pressure off the foot ulcer. You may need to use crutches or a wheelchair. Or you may wear a cast or a walking boot.
• Follow your doctor's instructions on how to clean the ulcer and change the bandage.
• If your doctor prescribed antibiotics, take them as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics.
• Keep your blood sugar in your target range by watching what and how much you eat. Track your blood sugar, take medicines if prescribed, and get regular exercise.
• If you smoke, quit or cut back as much as you can. Smoking affects blood flow and can make foot problems worse. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good.
• Do not go barefoot. Protect your feet by wearing shoes that fit well. Choose shoes that are made of materials that are flexible and breathable, such as leather or cloth.
• Inspect your feet daily for blisters, cuts, cracks, or sores. If you can't see well, use a mirror or have someone help you.
• Have your doctor check your feet during each visit. If you have a foot problem, see your doctor. Do not try to treat your foot problem on your own. Home remedies or treatments that you can buy without a prescription (such as corn removers) can be harmful.