Learning About Tumor Embolization and Ablation

What are tumor embolization and tumor ablation?

These are two ways to treat certain types of tumors without using surgery. These treatments may be used alone or together. They may also be used with other treatments. They may be an option when surgery is not possible or is too risky.

Tumor embolization treats a tumor by cutting off its blood supply. Without blood, the tumor will shrink or at least grow more slowly.

The doctor puts a substance into the blood vessel that supplies or feeds the tumor. Several substances can be used to block blood flow. They may include particles, chemotherapy, or tiny beads. The tiny beads may contain chemotherapy or radiation.

Embolization is sometimes done to shrink a tumor before tumor ablation. It may also be done before surgery because it reduces bleeding. This makes the tumor easier to see.

Tumor ablation is a way to destroy tumors. It may be done using:

• Heat. Radio waves may be used to burn the tumor. This is called radiofrequency ablation. Other ways to apply heat include using microwaves, lasers, or ultrasound.
• Cold. A very cold gas is used to freeze the tumor. This is called cryotherapy or cryoablation.
• Chemicals. A chemical is injected into the tumor. This is called chemical ablation. Alcohol (ethanol) is often used.

Ablation may be a good option for smaller tumors. It may not work well in larger tumors.

How are they done?

For both procedures, the doctor uses ultrasound, a CT scan, or other imaging to guide the treatment.

Tumor embolization is usually done through an artery. This is called arterial or trans-arterial embolization. A thin tube called a catheter is inserted into a large artery, often one near the groin. Then the doctor moves the catheter into the smaller artery that supplies blood to the tumor. The substance that will block the blood supply is placed in the artery near the tumor. Then the catheter is removed.

Tumor ablation is done using a special needle called a probe. The doctor puts it through the skin and into the tumor. The probe sends heat, cold, or chemicals into the tumor. If the tumor is large, the doctor may repeat the process from a different angle. This is to make sure that all parts of the tumor are treated. After the treatment, the doctor removes the probe.

What can you expect after these treatments?

You may be able to go home the same day. But in some cases, you might need to stay in the hospital overnight or longer.

You will have a bandage over your skin where the probe or catheter was inserted. This area may be sore for a day or two.

You will have tests in the months after the procedure to see how well the treatment worked.