Food Allergy: Care Instructions

Overview

When you have a food allergy and you eat that food, your body reacts as if the food is trying to cause harm. It fights back by setting off an allergic reaction. A mild reaction may include a few raised, red, itchy patches of skin (called hives). A severe reaction may cause hives all over, swelling in the throat, trouble breathing, belly pain, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, or fainting. This is called anaphylaxis (say "ANN-uh-fuh-LAK-suss"). It can be deadly.

A good way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid the foods that cause it. An allergy doctor or a dietitian may be able to help you understand which foods might be okay and what to avoid. Learn what to do if you have a reaction.

How can you care for yourself at home?

During a mild reaction

• Take a nondrowsy antihistamine, such as loratadine (Claritin), as your doctor recommends. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label.

During a severe reaction

• Give yourself an epinephrine shot. Keep it with you at all times. Make sure it has not expired.
• Call for emergency help. A severe allergic reaction can be life-threatening and is a medical emergency.

To prevent future reactions

• Avoid the foods that cause problems. And try not to use utensils or cookware that may have been in contact with food that you are allergic to.
• Teach your family members, coworkers, and friends what to do if you have a severe reaction to a food that you are allergic to.
• Wear medical alert jewelry that lists your allergies. You can buy this at most drugstores.