High temperatures increase the risk of heart problems

Has the heat bothered you more in recent years?

Average temperatures are rising around the world. And if you have certain medical conditions, extreme heat can increase your risk of heart problems.

“High temperatures can really increase the effects of cardiovascular risk on our patients,” said Malini Nadadur, MD, a Kaiser Permanente cardiologist.

Dr. Nadadur shares tips on how to keep cool and protect yourself during hot weather.

What is the body’s response to high temperatures?

On hot days, your body works harder to have a consistent temperature. Heat can also worsen air quality. Both factors put a bigger burden on your heart and increase the risk of heat-related health issues.

The most common result is heat exhaustion or heat stroke. In more extreme cases, people may have heart attacks, heart arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat), or heart failure.

Who is most at risk during extreme heat?

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the combination of heat and cardiovascular disease contributes to about a quarter of heat-related deaths.

People with preexisting cardiovascular disease are most at risk. That includes people who have had a prior heart attack or who have heart failure or irregular heart rhythms.

People who have cardiovascular disorders may be taking medications such as beta blockers and diuretics, which can make it harder for them to manage heat.

How hot is too hot?

There is no exact temperature that defines “too hot.” If you feel overly hot, your body is telling you to get out of the heat. During a heat wave, more people are admitted to hospitals with heart attacks and other cardiovascular conditions.

How can you prevent a heart crisis in hot weather?

Always listen to your body. If you feel hot, take action to cool off. Be aware of how long you’re in the heat and how much you’re exerting yourself.

• Lower your temperature by getting out of the sun and going someplace cool. You can also take a cool shower or bath.
• Stay hydrated. Once you start feeling the heat, drink an 8-ounce glass of water every 20 minutes. Feeling thirsty means that you’re already becoming dehydrated. That can strain your cardiovascular system. Avoid alcohol or drinks with too much caffeine or sugar.
• Dress in light-colored and loose-fitting clothing. Wear a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen when outdoors.
• Watch for the symptoms of heat-related illnesses. The first is typically a headache. Others include dry mouth, dizziness, decreased urination, fatigue, confusion, and heart palpitations. Chest pain is a sign of a heart attack.
• If you’re having these symptoms and things don’t feel right, seek medical help immediately.

 How can you safely exercise during a heat wave?

You can still stay fit when temperatures rise.

• Try exercising in the early morning or evening when temperatures are cooler.
• Work out in an air-conditioned gym.
• Swim indoors or outdoors with a sun covering.
• Walk in an indoor mall or a superstore.

The more you know and listen to your body, the more confident you can feel staying healthy in the heat.